Slide 1 of 157 · Welcome: the display shows; the touch system senses

Welcome to Touch Panel Technology. I'm Diggy Breiling, founder of FPD.DEV, The Future of Display and Systems Development. I began repairing LCDs in 1992 and optically bonding them in 1994. The first touch panels I used were resistive panels that I made myself by 1995. I have firsthand experience integrating almost every touch panel type and have worked directly with over a dozen touch panel manufacturers, past and present. That practical experience shapes this course, from how each technology works to the tradeoffs that matter in a finished product. We'll begin by tracing a touch from the user's hand to an application.

Slide 2 of 157 · Two systems, one experience (1 of 2)

Let's, let's look at this step by step. An LCD, OLED or microLED produces an image. A touch system locates an interaction and reports it. They can be physically integrated, but a bright picture does not prove accurate touch, and accurate touch does not prove a readable picture. Think of five cooperating elements: the surface the user touches; the sensor; the controller and its firmware; the host interface and operating-system input stack; and the application. A failure at any one can look like a bad touchscreen. The course follows that chain from physics through integration and use.

Slide 3 of 157 · Two systems, one experience (2 of 2)

We begin with everyday explanations, then examine the mechanisms, electrical interfaces, optical and mechanical integration, and application-specific tradeoffs. Basic voltage, current and wavelength concepts help; no touch-controller design experience is assumed. This course is a living document. We revise chapters as technology, practical experience and guidance evolve. Standards also change through revised editions, so check which edition applies to your project. Enrolled learners will typically have access to updated chapters as they are released.

Slide 4 of 157 · What a good touch system must do

Describe intended actions before choosing a sensor: tap, drag, draw, pinch, confirm or operate through gloves. Specify the smallest target, active area, viewing position, permitted false activations, and response time. Include release detection: an input that never lets go can be more troublesome than a missed tap. Accuracy describes how close a reported coordinate is to a known reference touch position. Precision describes how closely repeated measurements agree under the same conditions. Resolution is the reporting increment. A 16-bit coordinate field does not establish submillimetre accuracy. Latency also belongs to the complete chain: sensing, filtering, transport, operating system, application and display update. Throughout the course, example numbers and animations are teaching models, not measured performance of an FPD.DEV product.

Slide 5 of 157 · Learning route

Chapters 1-2 build a selection vocabulary. Chapters 3-11 explain the sensing families and feedback options. Chapters 12-15 connect them to displays, hosts and verification. Chapters 16-20 examine commercial, industrial, aviation, military and ground-transport use. Chapters 21-22 turn requirements into a custom-product brief. For each mechanism, ask: what physical quantity changes, what measures it, how is position inferred, and what else can produce the same change? This last question explains most difficult failures. The exercises ask for engineering reasoning rather than memorized brand claims. Use the glossary for terminology and the references for implementation details.

Slide 6 of 157 · Apply the idea

Sketch the five elements for a ticket machine. Where would you investigate if the image works but no touch is reported? Pause here and consider your answer. Check that the touch controller has power and that the host computer recognizes it. Then check whether touch reports arrive, whether their coordinates map to the right display, and whether the application responds. A working picture alone does not prove that this input chain works.

Slide 7 of 157 · Chapter 1 complete

Complete the chapter exercise and review any open questions. These are living courses. Enrolled learners will typically receive a notification when chapter content is updated, so please sign in and enroll in the course. Next is Chapter 2: The simple comparison: benefits, compromises and selection. I'm Diggy Breiling, founder of FPD.DEV, The Future of Display and Systems Development. Thank you for joining me.

Check that the touch controller has power and that the host computer recognizes it. Then check whether touch reports arrive, whether their coordinates map to the right display, and whether the application responds. A working picture alone does not prove that this input chain works.

Accuracy

Closeness of a reported coordinate to a defined reference position.

Precision

Repeatability or spread of results under specified conditions.

Resolution

Smallest coordinate increment or representable change; not equivalent to accuracy.

Latency

Time between explicitly defined input and output events.

PCAP

Projected capacitive touch; patterned electrodes sense electrical coupling changes.

Self-capacitance

Measurement of an electrode relative to an electrical reference.

Mutual capacitance

Measurement of coupling between transmit and receive electrodes.

Baseline

Reference measurement used to identify changes associated with touch.

SNR

Signal-to-noise ratio; specify the signal, noise measure and conditions.

SAW

Surface acoustic wave sensing through controlled propagation on a surface.

APR

Acoustic pulse recognition; a touch-generated mechanical response is used to locate contact.

DST

Dispersive signal technology; a bending-wave sensing implementation.

EMR

Electromagnetic resonance, used by compatible pen digitizers.

Haptics

Tactile feedback produced by the system.

HID

Human Interface Device class/protocol family; the descriptor defines report interpretation.

Report descriptor

Data describing the structure and meaning of HID reports.

Contact ID

Identifier used to distinguish and track a contact.

I2C

Two-wire synchronous bus; raw I2C communication does not itself implement HID.

SPI

Synchronous serial peripheral interface, with device-specific protocol behavior.

UART

Asynchronous serial hardware; electrical levels and framing must be specified.

Optical bonding

Joining optical layers with a transparent material to manage the interface.

Parallax

Apparent relative position shift caused by viewing separated planes from an angle.

NVIS

Night Vision Imaging System; pronounce 'en-vis' in this course.

Qualification

Evidence against a defined set of requirements for an identified configuration.

Validation

Evidence that the system satisfies its intended use.

Verification

Evidence of conformance to specified requirements.

Ghost touch

Reported contact that does not correspond to an intended physical touch.

Palm rejection

Classification or suppression of unintended hand contact.

On-cell / in-cell

Touch structures at a display-cell surface / integrated within the display structure; verify supplier construction.

Touch plane

Geometric region in which the sensing system detects an object.